Lightning protection systems are crucial for safeguarding buildings and electrical equipment from the dangers of lightning strikes. Here are some key guidelines to ensure effective and safe installation: 1. Lightning rods are typically made of round steel or copper, with a diameter of 20mm. The length should be at least 2.5 meters, depending on design requirements. When connecting to vertical rods, welding is used, with a lap length of more than 10 times the diameter of the round steel. Flanged connections also require welding. 2. Lightning rods are commonly constructed using either round steel or flat steel. Round steel should have a minimum diameter of 10mm, while flat steel should be 25mm x 4mm. In areas with high humidity, the cross-sectional area should be doubled for better durability. 3. Down conductors should be installed along the exterior walls of the building, following the shortest possible path to ground. A gap of 10-15mm should be maintained between the conductor and the wall. 4. When laying grounding wires horizontally along the building's wall, they should be kept 250-300mm above the ground to prevent damage and ensure proper insulation. 5. The spacing of supports for the lightning protection belt varies: 1-1.5m for horizontal branches, 1.5-2m for vertical sections, and 0.5m for corners. 6. A section of the grounding wire extending about 1.7m above ground and 0.3m below should be protected by steel pipes to prevent mechanical damage. 7. If iron materials are used for lightning rods or down conductors, they should be galvanized. In highly corrosive environments, increasing the cross-sectional area or applying additional anti-corrosion treatments is recommended. 8. Vertical grounding electrodes are usually made of angle steel, round steel, or steel pipes, while horizontal ones are often constructed from flat steel or round steel. 9. Manual grounding bodies must meet specific size requirements: - Round steel: minimum diameter of 20mm - Flat steel: 100mm x 4mm - Angle steel: 50mm x 4mm - Steel pipe: 50mm diameter with a wall thickness of at least 3.5mm 10. In corrosive soil conditions, the cross-section should be increased or other protective measures applied, but avoid using insulating materials like asphalt or paint. 11. The standard length of a vertical grounding electrode is 2.5 meters. To minimize shielding effects, the distance between vertical grounding electrodes should be 1.5 to 2 times their length, with a minimum spacing equal to the electrode length. 12. Horizontal grounding electrodes should be buried at least 0.5 meters deep. Avoid placing them near areas where soil resistivity increases due to high temperatures, such as flues or boiler rooms. 13. To reduce step potential, the lightning protection system should be at least 3 meters away from building entrances. If this isn't possible, alternative measures should be considered. 14. Grounding connections should be made using lap welding, ensuring firm and secure joints without any soldering. Lap lengths should be: - At least twice the width of flat steel - More than six times the diameter of round steel - For connections between round steel and flat steel, the lap length should exceed six times the diameter of the round steel - Bolted connections can be used for grounding wires attached to equipment 15. The distance between the grounding body and the building should not be less than 1.5 meters. 16. When welding flat steel to steel pipes or angle steel, ensure reliable connection by welding both sides of the contact area. An arc or right-angle clamp made from steel strip can also be welded, or the steel strip can be bent into an arc or right angle and directly welded to the pipe or angle steel. 17. The lightning rod’s protection angle is typically 45°, ensuring that all auxiliary antennas are within this coverage area. 18. The grounding resistance of a direct lightning strike protection system should be less than 4Ω. 19. There should be no fewer than two down conductors, with a spacing of at least 24 meters between them. All connections should be firmly welded. 20. If a building has a lightning protection belt, the down conductor should be connected to it for optimal performance. 21. Ensure good electrical contact between the antenna and the mast, as well as between the mast and the ground. 22. If the antenna mast (tower) is taller than nearby structures and exceeds 50 meters in height, a high-altitude barrier should be installed, and the pole or tower should be painted red and white for visibility.
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