Lightning protection systems are crucial for ensuring the safety of buildings and electrical equipment. Here are some key guidelines for installation and maintenance: 1. Lightning rods are typically made from round steel or copper, with a diameter of at least 20mm. The length of the rod should be no less than 2.5 meters, depending on design specifications. When connecting to vertical rods, welding is required, and the lap length should exceed ten times the diameter of the round steel. Flanged connections also require welding. 2. Lightning rods can be constructed using either round steel or flat steel. For round steel, the diameter should be 10mm, while flat steel should measure 25mm x 4mm. If installed in areas with high corrosion risk, the cross-sectional area should be doubled. 3. Down conductors should be installed along the exterior walls of the building and grounded through the shortest possible path. A gap of 10-15mm should be maintained between the conductor and the wall. 4. When laying horizontal grounding wires along building walls, they should be kept 250-300mm above the ground level to prevent damage. 5. The spacing of supports for lightning protection belts varies: 1-1.5m for horizontal sections, 1.5-2m for vertical parts, and 0.5m for corners. 6. A section of the grounding wire that extends 1.7m above ground and 0.3m below should be protected by steel pipes to prevent mechanical damage. 7. If iron materials are used in lightning rods or down conductors, they should be galvanized. In highly corrosive environments, the cross-section should be increased or additional anti-corrosion measures implemented, but not using insulation materials like asphalt or paint. 8. Vertical grounding electrodes are commonly made from angle steel, round steel, or steel pipes, while horizontal grounding electrodes are usually flat or round steel. 9. The minimum dimensions for manual grounding bodies are as follows: - Round steel: 20mm diameter - Flat steel: 100mm x 4mm - Angle steel: 50mm x 4mm - Steel pipe: 50mm diameter with 3.5mm wall thickness 10. In corrosive soils, the cross-section should be increased or other anti-corrosion methods applied, but not using insulating coatings. 11. The length of vertical grounding electrodes is generally 2.5 meters. To reduce shielding effects, the distance between vertical grounding electrodes should be 1.5 to 2 times their length, with a minimum spacing equal to their length. 12. Horizontal grounding electrodes should be buried at least 0.5 meters deep. Avoid placing them near areas with high soil resistivity, such as flues or boiler rooms. 13. The grounding device for direct lightning strikes should be at least 3 meters away from building entrances. If this is not feasible, alternative protective measures must be taken. 14. Grounding body connections should be made by lap welding, ensuring a secure and solder-free joint. Lap lengths should be: - Twice the width of flat steel - Six times the diameter of round steel - Six times the diameter of round steel when connected to flat steel - Bolts may be used for grounding wires attached to devices 15. The distance between the grounding body and the building should be at least 1.5 meters. 16. When welding flat steel to steel pipes or angle steel, ensure both sides of the contact point are welded. An arc-shaped or right-angle clamp made from steel strip can be added for better connection, or the steel strip itself can be bent and welded directly. 17. The lightning protection angle of the rod should be 45°, ensuring all antennas are within the coverage area. 18. The grounding resistance of the lightning protection system should be less than 4Ω. 19. At least two down conductors are required, with a spacing of no more than 24 meters between them. All connections must be securely welded. 20. If a building has a lightning protection belt, the down conductor must be connected to it. 21. There should be good electrical contact between the antenna and the mast, as well as between the mast and the ground. 22. When the antenna mast (tower) exceeds nearby structures and reaches a height of over 50 meters, an aerial barrier should be installed, and the tower should be painted with red and white stripes for visibility.
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