AVR microcontroller design I / O port use precautions

1. Set the DDRx direction register correctly before reading and writing the I/O port.

2. The initial state after I/O port reset is all input operation mode, the internal pull-up resistor is invalid, and the external pin is in the state of three-state high-impedance input.

3. When the I/O port is operating in input mode and the level on the external pin is to be read, the value of PINxn should be read instead of the value of PORTxn.

4. When the I/O is working in the input mode, use or not use the internal pull-up resistor according to the actual situation.

5. Once the I/O port is set to the input mode, the output must be waited for 1 clock cycle before the value of the external pin PINxn can be read correctly.

Fiber Optic Patch Panel is now widely used in networks and it is an integrated unit for fiber management, we are offering various kinds of Fiber Optic Patch Panel, such as wall mounted fiber optic patch panel, rack mounted fiber optic patch panels. These equipment functions to fix and manage the fiber optic cables inside the box as well as provide protection.
Our wall mounted fiber patch panels accommodate up to 8 modular panels and is equipped with routing guides to limit bend radius and enhance strain-relief control. The 16-gauge steel with corrosion-resistant black powder finish coat housing provides excellent protection for the inside fibers. Wall-mount available unloaded, as well as having the capability to become a full-splice enclosure with mechanical terminations. A large variety of connector adapters are offered to meet your specific requirements. Such as SC, FC, ST, LC, etc, we can also pre-install various kinds of fiber optic pigtails inside the patch panel.

YLTelecom offers a series of changeable inside panels to fit for different kinds of the adaptor interface, and fit for both round and ribbon fiber optic cables. Our rack mounted fiber patch panels can be drawer type or economic type without draw design.



A Fiber-Optic Patch Panel is used to separate out the fibers within a fiber-optic cable. By using one of these panels, the fibers can be spliced to individual fibers on other cables, allowing the cables to be crossed and connected in a variety of ways. In addition, the panel creates a safe environment in which to work with exposed fibers.

There are two main types of Fiber-Optic Enclosures. One is a wall-mounted device, which, in its most basic form, can keep 12 different fibers separate from one another. If the fiber-optic cable has more than 12 fibers, the extra fibers can be moved to a second panel or an engineer can use a panel that is designed to hold more fibers separately. Wall-mounted panels can be constructed to hold up to 144 fibers at once.

The other type of Fiber-Optic Patch Panel is a Rack-Mounted Panel. This type of panel holds the fibers horizontally and is often designed to open like a drawer. Sliding the panel open gives an optical engineer easy access to the fibers inside.


Fiber Optic Patch Panel(ODF)

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NINGBO YULIANG TELECOM MUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT CO.,LTD. , https://www.yltelecom.com