The 5G network upgrade is set to bring significant changes to our daily lives. When we talk about 5G, what do we really expect? It's the integration of cloud intelligence and edge intelligence that will address the high demands of autonomous driving for reliable and low-latency network connections. This is just one of the many possibilities that 5G brings to the table.
Unlike previous mobile network upgrades such as 2G, 3G, and 4G, which were more about increasing speed in a linear fashion, 5G represents a broader transformation. While earlier upgrades focused on moving from voice to images and then to video, the essence was always about faster data transfer. At that time, it was all about meeting the growing demand for content and performance.
Now, when network speeds have reached a certain level, the 5G upgrade isn't just about speed—it’s about expanding coverage and enabling new applications. Just like when basic needs are met, people start thinking about personalization and advanced features. That’s where 5G comes in, offering more than just faster connections.
The 3GPP has defined three main scenarios for 5G: eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband), mMTC (massive Machine Type Communication), and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Connection). These represent different use cases that 5G aims to support, each with its own unique requirements.
eMBB focuses on delivering high-speed broadband to users, enabling richer media experiences like 4K, 8K, AR, and VR. It’s the most developed of the three scenarios, with much of the initial work done in R15. Meanwhile, mMTC and URLLC are still being refined in later versions, like R16.
The development of eMBB has been driven by the need for higher bandwidth and better efficiency. As networks evolve, so too does the way we use them. This leads us to the question: how can we make the most of this increased capacity?
One key aspect is the coding scheme used in 5G. Companies like Qualcomm have played a major role in shaping these standards. Their research and patents give them a strong position in the industry, influencing the direction of technology development. In fact, after intense competition in late 2016, Qualcomm’s LDPC code was chosen for the data channel, while Polar code was selected for the control channel.
According to ITU standards, 5G must deliver at least 20 Gbps downlink and 10 Gbps uplink. For the 5% worst-case user experience, the minimum rate should be 100 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream. Compared to 4G, this is a massive leap in performance, opening the door to new content formats and immersive experiences.
With such high speeds, technologies like 3D, Ultra HD, AR, and VR can now be delivered seamlessly over the internet. Qualcomm has been at the forefront of this shift, with their baseband solutions like the Snapdragon X50 paving the way for early 5G adoption. From 1.25 Gbps in the 28GHz band to potential peaks of 5 Gbps, their advancements are setting the stage for the next generation of connectivity.
In the realm of AR and VR, Qualcomm’s influence is even stronger. Leading companies like Oculus and HTC rely on Qualcomm chips for their latest devices, such as the Oculus Go and HTC Vive Focus. As the next wave of VR/AR products emerges, Qualcomm’s powerful GPU, Adreno 60+, along with features like room-scale tracking and SLAM, will continue to shape the future of immersive computing.
Moving on to mMTC, which stands for massive machine-type communication, this scenario targets the Internet of Things (IoT) by supporting millions of connected devices per square kilometer. Its focus is on low power consumption, extended coverage, and scalability. Although the standards are still evolving, the underlying technology builds on existing LTE and NB-IoT systems, making it more of an extension than a complete overhaul.
As we look ahead, 5G is not just about speed—it’s about creating a more connected, intelligent world. Whether it’s through enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT, or ultra-reliable low-latency communication, 5G is set to redefine what’s possible in the digital age.
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