In a data center, there are numerous pieces of equipment. Although the air conditioning system is designed to maintain an optimal environment, the internal temperature distribution often remains uneven. Even with access air ducts installed—where the front and back of cabinets are equipped with air ducts—it can still be challenging to effectively remove heat from high-power devices placed in specific areas. This can lead to localized overheating, which may threaten the safe operation of the data center and even cause damage to critical hardware.
Maintaining a balanced temperature within the data center is essential for ensuring long-term stable operations, improving the working environment for IT equipment, and reducing hotspots. To address these issues, it's important to explore effective solutions for managing local hotspots.
**First, current situation analysis**
There are seven main causes contributing to local hotspots in data centers:
1. The perforated floor air supply does not match the cooling requirements of the equipment in the cabinet.
2. Gaps in the U-space of the cabinet allow warm air to accumulate.
3. Gaps between adjacent cabinets in the same row create airflow inefficiencies.
4. Space between the bottom of the cabinet and the raised floor allows hot air to recirculate.
5. Mismatch between heat load and cooling capacity leads to insufficient cooling.
6. Incompatible hole density in the cabinet with device airflow requirements.
7. Aging equipment may not efficiently expel heat, causing hot air buildup and creating hotspots.
These issues can result in poor operating conditions for the equipment, potentially leading to failures and economic losses.
**Second, feasibility analysis**
During testing, the average temperature inside the cabinet was measured at 43.8°C, exceeding the industry standard of 35°C ± 5°C by 3.8°C. Several methods were tested to reduce the temperature:
- Open floor manual damper: Expected improvement of 2°C
- Blind plate installation: Expected improvement of 2°C
- Screened panels: Expected improvement of 2°C
- Enclosure addition: Expected improvement of 2°C
- Increasing cooling capacity: Expected improvement of 4°C
- Cabinet door opening: Expected improvement of 2°C
- Blower installation: Expected improvement of 4°C
These methods proved feasible in reducing the temperature within the cabinet.
**Third, solutions**
Traditional approaches often involve increasing overall cooling capacity, which can be inefficient and costly. Another method is rack-level precision air conditioning, but this requires significant investment and time. Based on experience and best practices, several effective strategies include:
1. Using guide ventilators and manual dampers to direct cold air more efficiently.
2. Blocking unused U-spaces to prevent airflow disruption.
3. Sealing gaps between adjacent cabinets.
4. Blocking spaces between the cabinet base and the raised floor.
5. Ensuring proper matching of cooling capacity with heat load.
6. Adjusting air supply rates to meet equipment demands.
7. Installing heat sink units to increase airflow and reduce temperatures.
Implementing these improvements has significantly reduced hotspots, although further exploration is needed to fully eliminate them.
**Fourth, custom fan testing**
Collaborating with manufacturers, customized cooling fans were developed to enhance airflow in and out of the cabinets. These fans help balance hot and cold air distribution and reduce local overheating.
Testing showed that installing fans at the air inlet and outlet significantly lowered the cabinet temperature. For example, the temperature dropped from 43.8°C to 10.9°C after installing a DC fan at the outlet.
**Fifth, effect comparison**
Before and after fan installation, thermal imaging showed a marked reduction in hotspots. Additional measures such as monitoring and regular checks have been implemented to ensure ongoing effectiveness.
**In conclusion**
Reducing and eliminating local hotspots in a data center ensures equipment stability and supports the development of a green, efficient, and energy-saving facility. Each solution must be tailored to the specific conditions of the data center to achieve the best results. By addressing hotspots effectively, we can provide a safer, more reliable environment for IT infrastructure.
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