In order to further reduce light pollution caused by outdoor lighting and ensure a more pleasant lighting environment, the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) has recently released the second edition of "Guide on the Limitation of the Effects of Obtrusive Light from Outdoor Lighting Installations" (CIE 150: 2017). This updated technical report builds upon the previous version, CIE 150: 2003, and provides detailed guidance for evaluating the environmental impact of outdoor lighting. It also recommends optical interference limits and their corresponding measurement methods in various environments. In addition, the report outlines several remedial measures for existing outdoor lighting systems.
Outdoor lighting is widely used for a variety of purposes, including ensuring safe night operations such as logistics, sports events, and security. It also plays a role in landscape beautification, advertising, and visual displays. However, excessive or poorly directed lighting can cause immediate environmental disturbances and lead to public complaints. Therefore, it's essential to manage these negative effects within acceptable limits.
The technical report examines light interference issues from four key perspectives: residential areas, traffic and logistics, landscaping, and astronomical observations. Based on brightness levels, it categorizes environments into five intervals (E0 to E4) and establishes photometric parameter limits for different lighting applications. These include:
- The vertical illumination limit for residential buildings
- The luminance limit of light sources within the field of view
- The brightness and threshold increment limits for light curtains in road lighting
- The luminous flux ratio (ULR/UFR) limits for luminaires that control sky glow
- The brightness limits for illuminated buildings and signs
With the rapid advancement of LED technology, LED outdoor displays have become increasingly common. Their high brightness and potential flicker have raised concerns within the industry. As a result, the light interference caused by LED displays has been and continues to be a subject of ongoing research.
Controlling light pollution must take into account real-world conditions, installation practices, operational efficiency, and maintenance. The report elaborates on effective measures to manage light interference across these aspects.
The document also includes detailed calculation and measurement methods for determining the limit parameters. Key parameters measured during optical interference assessments include vertical illumination, the light intensity distribution of luminaires, the brightness of the light curtain at the site, and vertical plane brightness. The two-dimensional CCD-based Imaging Luminance Meter is recommended as the primary tool for on-site brightness measurements.
The schematic diagram illustrates the light emission distribution of typical street lamps, highlighting the different zones of lighting:
1. Lighting requirements on the driveway
2. Required lighting
3. Spill light
4. Interfering light
By understanding and applying these guidelines, municipalities, architects, and lighting professionals can work together to create more sustainable and visually comfortable outdoor environments.
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