In China, small and medium-sized cities now account for 60% to 70% of the total urban population. These cities also have a significant advantage in terms of GSM network user base. Despite their size, these networks face similar challenges in terms of network quality, resource utilization, and operational efficiency. As a result, optimization strategies and implementation methods are largely universal. This paper outlines the key characteristics of GSM networks in small and medium-sized cities and presents practical approaches for network planning and remediation.
Before initiating any network planning or rectification efforts, it is essential to collect and analyze relevant data about the city, including geographic features, population distribution, network scale, and user behavior. Additionally, understanding the technical specifications of wireless devices and antennas used in the network is crucial. This step helps in gaining a comprehensive view of the current network status, background, and operational conditions.
The network rectification process typically involves several key steps. First, collect and analyze network data, and conduct targeted tests on problematic areas. Then, perform on-site investigations to identify potential issues. Next, carry out a detailed analysis of the problems found and develop an optimization plan. After implementing the plan, evaluate the network performance and assess whether the optimization goals have been met. If not, further analysis and new plans should be developed.
Key 1: Network Data Analysis and Testing
This phase focuses on analyzing both operational and test data from the network. Operational data includes traffic statistics and user complaints, while test data comes from drive tests (DT) and call quality tests (CQT). By examining this data, planners can identify stations with high drop rates, low handover success rates, or other anomalies that may affect user experience.
By combining this data with user feedback over the past six months, planners can pinpoint specific base stations or areas that require further investigation. The DT and CQT data provide a detailed snapshot of network performance at specific locations, which is invaluable for future planning and optimization efforts.
Key 2: On-Site Investigation and Problem Identification
Planners inspect the identified problem sites and their surroundings to understand the antenna configuration and coverage environment. They examine factors such as antenna azimuth, downtilt angle, height, and surrounding obstructions. This helps identify possible issues like poor coverage or signal interference.
Common issues include antennas mounted too high above surrounding structures, leading to uneven coverage, or antennas blocked by new buildings. These situations often lead to signal blind spots or weak coverage in certain areas, affecting user satisfaction and network performance.
Key 3: Problem Analysis and Rectification Planning
Once sufficient data is gathered, planners conduct a thorough analysis of the network and individual base stations. Based on user complaints and test results, they identify small areas that require attention. Combining all available information, they determine the root causes of the problems and develop a targeted optimization plan.
The plan may involve adjusting switching parameters, modifying antenna configurations, adding macro cells, or deploying indoor distribution systems. Antenna adjustments can include changes to azimuth, downtilt, height, or position. Each adjustment must be carefully planned to avoid causing additional interference or coverage issues.
Switching parameter adjustments are critical for balancing traffic and improving handover success rates. In cases where channel allocation is insufficient, increasing the number of channels or introducing microcells can help. Antenna height and orientation also play a vital role in optimizing coverage and reducing interference.
Antenna azimuth adjustments are generally avoided unless necessary, as they can cause intra-system interference. However, in special scenarios like large events or traffic congestion, adjusting the azimuth can improve coverage and balance traffic load. Similarly, downtilt adjustments are key to minimizing interference and ensuring optimal cell coverage.
Key 4: Effectiveness Evaluation
After implementing the rectification plan, it is important to evaluate its effectiveness. This includes checking whether the original issues have been resolved, if there are any negative side effects, and whether the network performance has improved. Based on the evaluation, further refinements to the plan may be required.
This paper presents a comprehensive approach that combines network planning with localized optimization. It enables operators to address existing network issues while also preparing for future growth in new urban areas. Through careful planning and continuous evaluation, network performance in small and medium-sized cities can be significantly improved.
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