1 Introduction
In-system programming (ISP) has revolutionized traditional programming methods by enabling users to reprogram devices directly within their systems, allowing for online firmware updates and new function configurations. This technology allows program code to be downloaded into the device's memory while it is in operation. Following SST's introduction of the ISP-enabled FlashFlex51 series, companies like Philips, Winbond, LG, Atmel, and SynCMOS have introduced 51-series microcontrollers with ISP/IAP capabilities. These enhancements include increased flash memory capacity, expanded RAM, added special function registers, internal watchdog timers, ALE disable options to reduce EMI, and dual DPTR pointers, which simplify external expansion and create a true "single-chip" system. In POS charging terminals, the SynCMOS SM2965 was adopted as the main processor, making ISP implementation straightforward via the microcontroller’s serial port. This article explores the ISP features of the SM2965 and important considerations during use.
2 Features of SM2965
Compared to the standard 80C52, the SM2965 offers several advanced features: 5V programming voltage, 64KB on-chip flash memory divided into 128 pages (512 bytes per page), including space for ISP download programs; ISP download program size configurable up to N × 200H (N=0~8); 256 bytes of on-chip RAM plus 768 bytes of extended RAM (ERAM); built-in watchdog timer; P4 port added for PLCC and QFP packages (P4.0~P4.3); ALE output can be disabled to reduce EMI; and after reset, the system automatically jumps to the ISP entry address if the program memory at 0000H is empty.
3 SM2965 Memory Structure
3.1 Program Memory
The SM2965 integrates 64KB of flash memory for program storage, covering addresses from 0000H to 0FFFFH. It holds both the user application code and the ISP download program. The ISP download space can be configured up to 4KB, with the size determined by N × 200H (N=0 to 8). For example, when N=1, 0FE00H–0FFFFH is reserved for the download program, and the rest of the memory is used for the application. Once set via a commercial programmer, the configuration cannot be changed in the field. The SM2965's program memory layout is illustrated in Figure 1.
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