1 Introduction
In-system programming (ISP) has revolutionized traditional programming methods by allowing users to reprogram devices within a microcontroller system, enabling the online download of firmware into the program memory. This technology was first introduced with SST's FlashFlex51 series and later adopted by companies like Philips, Winbond, LG, Atmel, and SynCMOS, which added ISP/IAP capabilities to their 51-series microcontrollers. These enhancements include features such as Flash memory for internal ROM, increased RAM capacity, enhanced special function registers, watchdog timers, ALE signal disable for EMI reduction, and dual DPTR pointers. These improvements have simplified external expansion, leading to a true "single-chip" design. In POS charging terminals, the SynCMOS SM2965 replaced the standard processor, making ISP implementation straightforward through the microcontroller’s serial port. This article focuses on the ISP features of the SM2965 and important considerations during its use.
2 Features of SM2965
Compared to the standard 80C52, the SM2965 offers several key advantages: it operates at 5V, has 64KB of on-chip Flash memory divided into 128 pages (512 bytes per page), supports ISP function with a configurable download program space up to 4KB, includes 256 bytes of on-chip RAM plus 768 bytes of extended RAM, features a watchdog timer, adds P4 ports for PLCC and QFP packages, allows disabling the ALE signal to reduce EMI, and automatically jumps to the ISP entry address after reset if the memory is empty.
3 SM2965 Memory Structure
3.1 Program Memory
The SM2965 integrates 64KB of Flash memory as program memory, ranging from 0000H to 0FFFFH, used to store both user application programs and ISP functions. The download program space for ISP can be configured up to 4KB, with the size determined by N × 200H (N = 0 to 8). When N=0, no ISP space is allocated, and all memory is used for the application. For N=1, 0FE00H–0FFFFH is reserved for the download program, while the rest is for the application. When N=8, the maximum ISP space of 4KB is used. Once set by a commercial programmer, this configuration cannot be changed in the field. The program space layout is shown in Figure 1, where 0FFFFH – (N × 200H) marks the ISP entry point.
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